ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of the genetic and environmental factors on intelligence of children and adolescent from the Southwest China Prospective Twin Registry (SCPT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The intelligence was investigated by using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (C-WISC) in 333 twin pairs aged 6-16 years. The effects of genetic and environmental factors on IQ were analyzed by using structural equation modeling (SEM) and correlation analysis method. The effects in different sex and age groups in this population were also investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Genetic influence accounted for 0.43 of total IQ variance and 0.37 of verbal IQ in 6-16 years old children and adolescent, but there was no significant genetic effect on performance IQ. The heritability of children aged 10-16 years was higher than that of those aged 6-10 years (total IQ: 0.82 vs 0.00, verbal IQ: 0.80 vs 0.00, performance IQ:0.51 vs 0.00). In males the heritability of verbal IQ (0.47) was higher than that in females (0.05). The shared environmental influences accounted fo r the majority of variance of performance IQ in both males and females.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is moderate heritability on the total IQ and verbal IQ, while shared environmental factors played important roles on the variance of performance IQ. The heritability of IQ, verbal IQ and performance IQ are higher in older children and adolescent than that in younger children.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Age Factors , Child Development , Physiology , Environment , Intelligence , Genetics , Psychomotor Performance , Physiology , Reaction Time , Genetics , Sex Characteristics , Sex Factors , Twins , Genetics , Wechsler ScalesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To study the current situation and features of forensic psychiatric identification in Chongqing.@*METHODS@#The demographic data and criminological characteristics of 324 cases were analyzed using self-made questionnaire.@*RESULTS@#There were 322 cases in which opinions to diagnosis and law-related items were both given. One hundred and forty-five cases were schizophrenias (45.03%), 51 were mental retardation (15.84%), 78 were others (24.22%), and 48 showed no psychosis (14.91%). In legal conclusion, 211 cases (65.53%) were evaluated for criminal responsibility and 41 (12.65%) were evaluated for competence of sex defense.@*CONCLUSION@#Most cases has psychosis shows the importance and necessity of forensic psychiatric identification, and various jurisprudence conclusions indicated the diversity and complexity of these cases.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , China , Crime/psychology , Expert Testimony , Forensic Psychiatry , Homicide/psychology , Intellectual Disability/diagnosis , Liability, Legal , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Sex Distribution , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine three possible causes of the relationship between attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder: additive genetic factors(A), common environmental factors(C) and individual-specific environmental factors(E).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and forty pairs of twins from the Southwestern China Twin Registry were examined with the parent-rated Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The cross-twin within-variable, within-twin cross-variable and cross-twin cross-variable correlations were calculated. Using structural equation modelling, bivariate models were fitted. The best fitting model was chosen based on likelihood and parsimony.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The observed phenotypic correlation between HYPER and COND was 0.44 (95% CI: 0.09, 0.27), with genetic factors accounting for about 70% of the observed correlation. Bivariate model fitting quantified the genetic correlation between HYPER and COND at 0.76 (95% CI: 0.31, 1) and the individual-specific environmental correlation at 0.28 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.51).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In children, three different genetic factors may exist: one that solely affects the liability to hyperactivity behaviour, one that has only an effect on conduct behaviour and one that influences both hyperactivity and conduct behaviour. Our results suggests that most of the environmental factors that increase the risk of hyperactivity behaviour do not influence conduct behaviour and vice versa.</p>